OSPf，是一个路由协议，路由协议的作用就是让路由器之前能够动态的共享网络信息，使其能够获得远程网络。
区域的概念是OSPF特有的一种属性，因为OSPF在运行时有一个操作叫做LSA泛洪，泛洪会占用网络很大的带宽，同时消耗路由器的资源，严重的影响可能会导致路由器down机。为了减小这种影响，其中一种方式就是减小参与泛洪的路由器的数量，于是将网络中运行OSPF的路由器逻辑的划分为几个区域，泛洪的操作只在区域中进行，路由器减少了，同样就是减小了泛洪的影响。当网络中的路由器数量较少的时候，我们可以不对其进行区域划分，让其只运行在一个区域中，即 area 0，就是单区域路由了。当路由器数量较大的时候，就得进行区域的划分，划分之后就是多区域路由，但不管在什么时候 area 0 必须存在，其他区域必须与area 0 相连。
实验环境：红，绿，蓝三个颜色区域代表三个不同网络的办公场所，要求使用OSPF协议实现网络互通。
pc1:172.16.1.1
pc2:172.16.2.1
pc3:172.16.3.1
R1:GE0/0/0 172.16.1.254 GE2/0/0 192.168.2.1 GE0/0/1 192.168.1.1
R2:GE0/0/0 172.16.2.254 GE0/0/1 192.168.2.3 GE2/0/0 192.168.2.3
R3:GE0/0/0 172.16.3.254 GE0/0/1 192.168.1.3 GE2/0/0 192.168.3.3
配置PC ip地址
配置路由器
R1:
[R1]INT GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]IP ADD 172.16.1.254 24
May 21 2020 10:38:30-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]INT G2/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]IP ADD 192.168.2.1 24
May 21 2020 10:38:48-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]INT G0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]IP ADD 192.168.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
May 21 2020 10:39:03-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
R2:
[R2]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.2.2 24
May 21 2020 10:40:28-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g2/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]ip add 192.168.3.2 24
May 21 2020 10:40:39-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.2.254 24
May 21 2020 10:40:57-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
R3:
[R3]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.3.254 24
May 21 2020 10:42:11-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.3 24
May 21 2020 10:42:21-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g2/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]ip add 192.168.3.3 24
May 21 2020 10:42:51-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]
配置OSPF
R1:
[R1]OSPF 1
[R1-ospf-1]AREA 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]NETWORK 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]NETWORK 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]NETWORK 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
R2:
[R2]OSPF 1
[R2-ospf-1]AREA 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]NETWO
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]NETWORK 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]NETWORK 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
R3:
[R3]OSPF 1
[R3-ospf-1]AREA 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]NETWORK 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]NETWORK 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]NETWORK 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
测试pc1 ping pc2，pc3
如此，OSPF配置完毕！
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