Nginx技巧：使用auth_jwt模块进行JWT认证

JWT（JSON Web Token）是一种用于身份验证和授权的开放标准。它由三部分组成：头部、载荷和签名。在Web应用程序中，JWT通常用于在客户端和服务器之间传递身份验证信息。

什么是Nginx？

Nginx是一个高性能的开源Web服务器，也可以用作反向代理服务器、负载均衡器和HTTP缓存。它的设计目标是提供高并发性能、低内存消耗和高可靠性。

auth_jwt模块

auth_jwt模块是Nginx的一个第三方模块，用于对JWT进行认证。它可以验证JWT的签名、有效期和其他自定义的认证规则。

安装auth_jwt模块

要使用auth_jwt模块，首先需要在编译Nginx时包含该模块。以下是在Ubuntu上安装带有auth_jwt模块的Nginx的步骤：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev libssl-dev
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.6.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.19.6.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.19.6
./configure --add-module=/path/to/auth_jwt
make
sudo make install

配置auth_jwt模块

一旦安装了带有auth_jwt模块的Nginx，就可以在Nginx配置文件中使用auth_jwt指令来配置JWT认证。以下是一个示例配置：

location /api {

    auth_jwt "secret_key";

    auth_jwt_claim_set "$jwt_claim_set";

    auth_jwt_key_file /path/to/public_key.pem;

    auth_jwt_alg RS256;

    auth_jwt_leeway 60s;

    auth_jwt_header "Authorization";

    auth_jwt_cookie "jwt";

    auth_jwt_bypass $cookie_authorized;

    auth_jwt_bypass $arg_authorized;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_authorization;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_cookie;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_authorization;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_cookie;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_cookie;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_query;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_cookie;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_cookie_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header;

    auth_jwt_bypass $http_x_token_auth_token_query_cookie_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header_header
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