树叶云LINUX教程：MySQL 安装配置

MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发，目前属于Oracle公司。

MySQL所使用的SQL语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言。

MySQL由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，一般中小型网站的开发都选择MySQL作为网站数据库。

MySQL 安装

本教程的系统平台：CentOS release 6.6 (Final) 64位。

一、安装编译工具及库文件

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch unzip libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel sudo bzip2 flex libaio-devel

二、 安装cmake 编译器

cmake 版本：cmake-3.1.1。

1、下载地址：http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

$ wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

2、解压安装包

$ tar zxvf cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录

$ cd cmake-3.1.1

4、编译安装 

$ ./bootstrap
$ make && make install

三、安装 MySQL

MySQL版本：mysql-5.6.15。

1、下载地址： http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

$ wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

2、解压安装包

$ tar zxvf mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录

$ cd mysql-5.6.15

4、编译安装 

$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DWITH_READLINE=1-DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1-DWITH_DEBUG=OFF -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1-DENABLED_PROFILING=ON -DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=OFF -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
$ make && make install

5、查看mysql版本:

$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql --version

到此，mysql安装完成。

MySQL 配置

1、创建mysql运行使用的用户mysql：

$ /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
$ /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

2、创建binlog和库的存储路径并赋予mysql用户权限

$ mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog /www/data_mysql
$ chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/ /www/data_mysql/

3、创建my.cnf配置文件

将/etc/my.cnf替换为下面内容

$ cat /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port =3306
socket =/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user = mysql
port =3306
socket =/tmp/mysql.sock
basedir =/usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir =/www/data_mysql
log-error =/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_error.log
pid-file =/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit =65535
back_log =600
max_connections =5000
max_connect_errors =1000
table_open_cache =1024
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =32M
sort_buffer_size =1M
join_buffer_size =1M
thread_cache_size =600#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size =128M
query_cache_limit =2M
query_cache_min_res_unit =2kdefault-storage-engine =MyISAMdefault-tmp-storage-engine=MYISAM
thread_stack =192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size =128M
max_heap_table_size =128M
log-slave-updates
log-bin =/usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/binlog
binlog-do-db=oa_fb
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_cache_size =4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size =8M
max_binlog_size =1G
relay-log-index =/usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file =/usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log =/usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days =10
key_buffer_size =256M
read_buffer_size =1M
read_rnd_buffer_size =16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size =64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size =128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size =10G
myisam_repair_threads =1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout =120
wait_timeout =120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors =1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396#master-host = 192.168.1.2#master-user = username#master-password = password#master-port = 3306
server-id =1
loose-innodb-trx=0 
loose-innodb-locks=0 
loose-innodb-lock-waits=0 
loose-innodb-cmp=0 
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index=0
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index-reset=0
loose-innodb-cmp-reset=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem-reset=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page-lru=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-pool-stats=0 
loose-innodb-metrics=0 
loose-innodb-ft-default-stopword=0 
loose-innodb-ft-inserted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-being-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-config=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-cache=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-table=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tables=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tablestats=0 
loose-innodb-sys-indexes=0 
loose-innodb-sys-columns=0 
loose-innodb-sys-fields=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign-cols=0

slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_slow.log
long_query_time =1[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet =32M

4、初始化数据库

$/usr/local/webserver/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=mysql

显示如下信息：

InstallingMySQL system tables...2015-01-2620:18:510[Warning] TIMESTAMP withimplicit DEFAULT value is deprecated.Pleaseuse--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK

Filling help tables...2015-01-2620:18:570[Warning] TIMESTAMP withimplicit DEFAULT value is deprecated.Pleaseuse--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK
...

5、创建开机启动脚本

$ cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/
$ cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld 
$ chkconfig --add mysqld 
$ chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on

6、启动mysql服务器

$ service mysqld start

7、连接 MySQL

$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

修改MySQL用户密码

mysqladmin -u用户名-p旧密码 password 新密码

或进入mysql命令行

SET PASSWORD FOR '用户名'@'主机'= PASSWORD(‘密码');

创建新用户并授权:

grant all privileges on *.* to 用户名@'%' identified by'密码'with grant option;

其他命令

• 启动：service mysqld start
• 停止：service mysqld stop
• 重启：service mysqld restart
• 重载配置：service mysqld reload