RMAN是对数据库进行备份和恢复操作并自动管理相关备份策略的客户端工具。RMAN环境至少包括两部分：
目标数据库（target database）：即需要进行备份和恢复的数据库，在RMAN命令行下通过target命令指定；
RMAN客户端：默认存放于$ORACLE_HOME/bin目录下的可执行程序，用于执行RMAN命令进行数据库备份和恢复操作。
一. 安装规划
| IP | ROLE |
|---|---|
| 192.168.1.235 | 克隆对象 |
| 192.168.1.221 | 克隆库 |
二. 备库创建相应的dump文件夹
# 在主库查询对应的dump目录
select name, value
from v$parameterwhere name in ('audit_file_dest',
'background_dump_dest',
'control_files',
'core_dump_dest',
'user_dump_dest',
'db_recovery_file_dest'
)
ORDER BY name ASC;
# 备库用Oracle用户执行创建目录
mkdir -p $value三. 创建实例密钥文件
主库生成密钥文件
orapwd FILE=/u01/app/oracle/dbs/orapwora235 password=li0924 entries=5;
将密钥文件传输到备库
scp /u01/app/oracle/dbs/orapwora235 [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/dbs
四. 创建参数文件
主库通过spfile生成pfile文件
create pfile from spfile;
复制参数文件到Standby库
scp /u01/app/oracle/dbs/initora235.ora [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/dbs
将Standby端启动到nomount状态
[oracle@oracle221 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Aug 9 22:56:49 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/dbs/initora235.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 780824576 bytes
Fixed Size 2257312 bytes
Variable Size 511708768 bytes
Database Buffers 264241152 bytes
Redo Buffers 2617344 bytes
五. 配置主备库的监听文件和网络文件
设置Primary库和Standby库的service_name
SQL> show parameter service_name;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------
service_names string lottu
SQL> alter system set service_names='db_primary' scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter service_name;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------
service_names string db_primary
备库的service_name设置为db_standby；需要到参数文件修改。
*.service_names='db_standby'Primary库配置listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.235)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST)))
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ora235)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = db_primary)
(ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle)
)
)
Standby库配置listener.ora
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.221)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST)))
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ora235)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = db_standby)
(ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle)
)
)
Primary库和Standby库设置tnsname.ora
tns_primary=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.235)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = db_primary)
)
(HS = OK)
)
tns_standby=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.221)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = db_standby)
)
(HS = OK)
)
六. 克隆Oracle
在Standby库执行：DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO ORA235 FROM ACTIVE DATABASE SPFILE NOFILENAMECHECK;
[oracle@oracle221 ~]$ rlwrap rman target sys/li0924@tns_primary auxiliary sys/li0924@tns_standby
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Aug 16 23:21:27 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA235 (DBID=2047494122)
connected to auxiliary database: ORA235 (not mounted)
RMAN> DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO ORA235 FROM ACTIVE DATABASE SPFILE NOFILENAMECHECK;
Starting Duplicate Db at 16-AUG-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/dbs/spfileora235.ora' auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/dbs/spfileora235.ora' ;
sql clone "alter system set spfile= ''/u01/app/oracle/dbs/spfileora235.ora''";
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 16-AUG-18
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=27 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 16-AUG-18
sql statement: alter system set spfile= ''/u01/app/oracle/dbs/spfileora235.ora''
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name = ''ORA235'' comment= ''duplicate'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name = ''ORA235'' comment= ''duplicate'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORA235'' comment= ''duplicate'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''ORA235'' comment= ''duplicate'' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 780824576 bytes
Fixed Size 2257312 bytes
Variable Size 511708768 bytes
Database Buffers 264241152 bytes
Redo Buffers 2617344 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name = ''ORA235'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name = ''ORA235'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone force nomount
backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format '/u01/app/oradata/ora235/control01.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oradata/ora235/control02.ctl' from
'/u01/app/oradata/ora235/control01.ctl';
alter clone database mount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORA235'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''ORA235'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 780824576 bytes
Fixed Size 2257312 bytes
Variable Size 511708768 bytes
Database Buffers 264241152 bytes
Redo Buffers 2617344 bytes
Starting backup at 16-AUG-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/dbs/snapcf_ora235.f tag=TAG20180816T232148 RECID=6 STAMP=984352909
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 16-AUG-18
Starting restore at 16-AUG-18
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 16-AUG-18
database mounted
RMAN-05538: WARNING: implicitly using DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database flashback off';
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/u01/app/oradata/ora235/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 5 to
"/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oradata/ora235/system01.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf" datafile
5 auxiliary format
"/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database flashback off
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 16-AUG-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf
output file name=/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf tag=TAG20180816T232159
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/system01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/system01.dbf tag=TAG20180816T232159
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20180816T232159
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20180816T232159
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf tag=TAG20180816T232159
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 16-AUG-18
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
archivelog like "/data/arch/1_7_984178575.dbf" auxiliary format
"/data/arch/1_7_984178575.dbf" ;
catalog clone archivelog "/data/arch/1_7_984178575.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 16-AUG-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=45 STAMP=984353140
output file name=/data/arch/1_7_984178575.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 16-AUG-18
cataloged archived log
archived log file name=/data/arch/1_7_984178575.dbf RECID=45 STAMP=984353142
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=984353142 file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=984353142 file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=984353142 file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=984353142 file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=984353142 file name=/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 1190640;
recover
clone database
delete archivelog
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 16-AUG-18
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 7 is already on disk as file /data/arch/1_7_984178575.dbf
archived log file name=/data/arch/1_7_984178575.dbf thread=1 sequence=7
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 16-AUG-18
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 780824576 bytes
Fixed Size 2257312 bytes
Variable Size 511708768 bytes
Database Buffers 264241152 bytes
Redo Buffers 2617344 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name = ''ORA235'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORA235'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 780824576 bytes
Fixed Size 2257312 bytes
Variable Size 511708768 bytes
Database Buffers 264241152 bytes
Redo Buffers 2617344 bytes
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ORA235" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ( '/u01/app/oradata/ora235/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 2 ( '/u01/app/oradata/ora235/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 3 ( '/u01/app/oradata/ora235/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oradata/ora235/system01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET UTF8
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/u01/app/oradata/ora235/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf",
"/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf",
"/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf",
"/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oradata/ora235/temp01.dbf in control file
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=984353151
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=984353151
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=984353151
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf RECID=4 STAMP=984353151
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=984353151 file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=984353151 file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=984353151 file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=984353151 file name=/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf
Reenabling controlfile options for auxiliary database
Executing: alter database force logging
contents of Memory Script:
{
Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
database opened
Executing: alter database flashback on
Finished Duplicate Db at 16-AUG-18
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